Glossary

A Varroa mite is a parasitic mite (Varroa destructor) that feeds on the hemolymph of bees, reproduces in brood, and transmits several viruses.

Bee venom is the toxic liquid that is pumped into whatever organism a worker or queen stings. It has over 50 components, including a protein that stimulates the release of histamine in animals (including humans) and other chemicals that together can trigger an allergic response. Barbs in the worker bee’s stinger anchor the stinger so that it can continue to pump venom even after the bee disengages or dies. Venom is not the same as the alarm pheromone that is also released to attract and stimulate other bees to sting.

The honey bee ventriculus is analogous to a human stomach. It is where food is digested and nutrients are absorbed in the midgut.

A vitamin is a nutrient necessary for life. Important vitamins for honey bee health include the vitamin B complex and vitamin C.

Vitellogenin is a protein found in bees’ ovaries (and other tissues) that is important for making eggs. It also has functions in producing royal jelly, caste differentiation, and worker polyethism.